Digital human modelling over four decades

Four decades of ozonesonde measurements over Antarctica

[1] Ozonesonde observations from Syowa and the South Pole over more than 40 years are described and intercompared. Observations from the two sites reveal remarkable agreement, supporting and extending the understanding gained from either individually. Both sites exhibit extensive Antarctic ozone losses in a relatively narrow altitude range from about 12 to 24 km in October, and the data are con...

Fragmentation and Trade in Value Added Over Four Decades∗

We bring together time series data on trade, production, and input-use to compute the value added content of trade over the past four decades (1970-2009). Comparing the ratio of value added to gross exports, we measure changes in production fragmentation for the world as a whole, individual countries, and bilateral trade partners. For the world, the share of value added in trade falls by 10 to ...

Explaining Changes in Child Poverty Over the Past Four Decades

Improving prognosis following a first variceal haemorrhage over four decades.

BACKGROUND Variceal bleeding is a frequent cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Over the past 40 years a number of new techniques have been introduced to control active variceal haemorrhage. Many randomised controlled trials were performed to evaluate these new therapies. While most have demonstrated efficacy in controlling haemorrhage few showed improved survival....

Mortality from Head Injury over Four Decades in Scotland.

Although the causes of head injury, the population at risk, and approaches to prevention and treatment are continually evolving, there is little information about how these are reflected in patterns of mortality over time. We used population-based comprehensive data uniquely available in Scotland to investigate changes in the total numbers of deaths from 1974 to 2012, as well as the rates of he...